In my computer science 2 class we program in Java. It is platform independent because Java is compiled into byte-code ( which is in between high level code and machine code ) and then once the bytecode gets to your computer your VM on your computer puts it into machine code that is more specialized for your computer, than if someone else just gave you the java file to run.
As far as a comparave article I'm not sure of one but I would just go to
http://www.java.com/en/index.jsp and download their version. Its probably the best since its from sun.